Superior GPS Microchip For Dogs

Executive Summary By Adam Webster

Some people have self needs while some have needs for their loved ones. In today's world when people are probably more concerned and caring about the pets than maybe even family members, they want their pets' needs taken care of as well. This growing need of pet lovers gives rise to a demand of some technological solution for pets' safety and security, and GPS microchip technology is born.

The growing concern of such pet lovers gives rise to the need for some technological help. GPS-enabled dog collars, microchips and radio tracking collars are already in the market to name a few.

Microchips work on RFID (radio frequency identification) technology with no requirement of battery and/or power supply. One great misconception in the market about a microchip pet ID system is that it's GPS-enabled. Just understand that a GPS tracker is an active tracking arrangement, through which, you can actually go ahead and TRACK your dog. So with a pet microchip, one has to be physically present with your dog whereas with GPS you could pretty much find your dog from California to China.

Another thing of note here is that the primary objective of something like a GPS-enabled dog collar is to be able to track your pet while a microchip on your dog works more as an ID chip. So, for instance, if your dog is lost and then found, with a pet microchip, you can go ahead and verify that that's your dog.

Rescue With Pet Microchip

No anesthesia is necessary, and your pet will forget within moments that the pet microchip was ever inserted.

The purpose of inserting the pet microchip is so your dog or cat can be identified and returned, if it ever gets lost. Once your pet is microchipped, it is microchipped for life.

Most vets offices, SPCA's, humane societies and animal shelters have pet microchip readers. These universal readers can read all different types of microchips implanted into animals. So, if your animal is brought in to a shelter after being lost, the first thing the shelter usually does is scan for pet microchips.

There is a cost for installing the pet microchip in your pet, which can be done at any vets office. You then usually have to pay a few to register the pet microchip with the company that made the pet microchip.

The chip implanted in your cat or dog is just a numbered microchip that is part of the massive database o all pet microchips, and when you actually fill out your registration paperwork, you are claiming that pet microchip as yours and filling out the information that would be necessary to find you and return your pet.

What is a Microchip?

Executive Summary By Dennis Moore Hopkins

A microchip is an integrated circuit that has thousands of small capacitates and resistors. It is also known referred to as computer chip, microchip, or silicon chip.

The integrated circuits that are out now have about 2 billion transistors.

The many types of integrated circuits include analog circuit, digital circuit and mixed circuit. Digital circuits work through a process of binary mathematics. The integrate circuits that are used in cell phones are the memory-integrated circuits.

Earlier discrete circuits were used, but now integrated circuits are preferred because of their lower cost and performance. Since components of the circuit are printed using photolithography, integrated circuits do not cost much to manufacture.

When you look into circuits according to classification, the various classification forms are Small-scale integration (SSI), Medium-scale integration (MSI), Large-scale integration (LSI), and Very large-scale integration (VLSI).

Electronic Money, RFID Implanted Chips, and the Death of the Paper Dollar Considered

Executive Summary By Lance Winslow

Beware read the headline; Big Brother is out to chip you! And no they were not referring to throwing anyone into a wood-chipper, rather they were talking about implanting RFID Chips inside humans for tracking, communication, ID, and banking. Consider if you will that all you'd have to do to buy something is wave your arm over the cash register reader instead of sliding your ATM or credit card to buy something? Sales tax, use tax, and everything would be collected instantly, and everyone would be happy right? You see, I would be concerned with the security issues and ID theft if we use the current RFID systems available.

Also, some bio-scientists discuss the issues with the cells around such RFID chips, would vibrate incorrectly cause cancer cells in nearby cells. Electronic funds move faster thus, it simulates increased money supply. 

The History of Electronic Money

Excecutive Summary By Francis Murphy

Electronic money gives flexibility to the owner because it is paperless and can be transferred around with the use of technology such as the internet. It works through the use of a "public and private key" system, which allows user to access his or her account through the use of a security pin code. Generally, it is also identified by the terms e-money, digital cash, digital currency or electronic cash.

The history of electronic money can be traced back to 1860, when it was introduced the electronic fund transfer (EFT). This marked the beginning of electronic money. 1918 leaves another mark in the history when the Federal Reserve of America transferred currency via telegraph. As computer technology developed and was adapted by banks, there was a heavier reliance on computer technology to record customer's details. The availability of these details enables electronic money to work, because data is easily accessible and maintained.

It allows faster monetary transaction, minus the hassle produced by cash transaction. During the late 1990s, better technologies related to electronic money were created. Examples include electronic checks and embedded smart cards. These are means for transferring money.

During the 19th century, bank notes were an important form of money. The emergence of internet enabled online purchase. Since then, electronic transactions became more common. The ownership of account allows purchase of items through internet. Direct deposit and electronic fund transfers changed the lifestyle of many and was given credit due to its convenience.

A Brief History of Electronic Money

Excecutive Summary By Tauqeer Ul Hassan

Electronic money only exists in digital format and is primarily based on the internet or smart cards that have a record of their stored value. The transactions which are electronically done are known as electronic money. Similar names for electronic money are electronic cash, e-money, digital money, digital currency or digital cash.

Consumer uptake of electronic money was first noticed in France in 1982 with the introduction of the Minitel service. The French Minitel service used a dumb terminal with built-in modem, the service operated over standard telephone lines and the terminals were equipped with full AZERTY keyboards. Payment could be made through credit card or charged to the telephone account. The account holders could subscribe to a special Prestel service that allowed online banking. This marked the first recorded use of electronic money.

Late 1990s proved to be an essential moment for electronic money. This made convenient and easy payment of money online without any risk of credit card number theft. The services of PayPal marked a unique beginning of electronic money which was different from traditional phone and online credit card transactions.

Virtual currency backed by precious metals can be exchanged for any supported currency. eLibertyReserve, e-gold and Webmoney have become the biggest gold backed electronic money providers.

The most successful electronic money has been facilitated with stored value cards that are denominated in local currency. The US military designed a stored value card called Eagle Cash that provided an advance on soldier's earnings. 

Electronic Money

Advantages Of Electronic Money:

Digital cash will allow for the immediate transfer of funds from an individual's personal account to a businesses account, without any actual paper transfer of money. This offers a great convenience to many people and businesses alike.

Banks can offer many services whereby a customer can transfer funds, purchase stocks, and offer a variety of other services without having to handle the physical cash or cheques. Customers do not have to wait in lines, and this provides a lower hassle environment.

Disadvantages Of Electronic Money :

There are also many significant disadvantages. These include fraud, failure of technology, possible tracking of individuals and the loss of human interaction. It is very common that almost all systems have drawbacks. However, the question that needs to be asked is whether the advantages of using the system overpass the disadvantages.

Fraud over digital cash has been a pressing issue in recent years. Hacking into bank accounts and the illegal retrieval of banking records has led to a widespread invasion of privacy, and has promoted identity theft.

There is also a pressing issue in regards to the technology involved in digital cash. Power failures, loss of records, undependable software often cause a major setback in promoting the technology.

Fraud over digital cash has been a pressing issue in recent year. Hacking into bank accounts and illegal retrieval of banking records has led to a wide spread invasion of privacy and has promoted identity theft.

Power failures, loss of records and undependable software often cause a major set back in promoting the technology.

Payment System:

In any business transaction, the customer and merchant enter into an agreement. According to this agreement the merchant supplies the goods and services that the customer requests for while the customer transfers funds to the merchant in lien for the goods received. Thus the payment is the most important part in the sales cycle.

The general requirements of payment system's are-

·        Confidentiality

·        Authentication

·        Integrity

·        Authorization

·        Privacy

Types Of Electronic Payments:

·        Credit Card

·        Electronic Wallet Or Digital Wallet

·        Debit Card

·        Smart Cards

·        Closed Vs Open Electronic Cash System

Electronic Money System Model:

The e-money system is a mechanism that facilitates payments - generally of limited value - in which e-money can be considered as an electronic surrogate for coins and banknotes. The e-money system is described on the basis of a model with a set of sub-systems through which electronic value (EV) is transferred, under the responsibility of a System Supervisor who monitors the security of EV creation, EV extinguishment and EV circulation within the system.

The three main elements which make up our e-money system model are EV, EV circulation between sub-systems and supervision. Put together, these elements constitute the core of the e-money system model. The notions of transactions, compensation, EV life cycle and actors then complete this model.

Transactions On The Internet:

All the transactions on the internet take place using the customer's personal computer and the seller's web server. Customers use a web browser to place on order with the merchant and specify their mode of payment. In the case of an online transaction the customer has the option of paying by credit card or smart card the customers can also to pay using electronic cash or a digital cheque . The software on the seller's server has to verify the order and has to settle the transaction by receiving authorization for the transfer of funds from a bank or the credit and acquirer. It is possible that the applications on the customer's, merchant's and bank's are not same. Hence the interaction across this step is achieved using a gateway, which is a link between applications.

The gateway allows for protocol conversion and communicates with the bank using the bank's private network or the internet. Gateway, more specifically common gateway interface (CGI) is a specification for communicating data between an information server, for example server, and other application. CGI is used wherever the web server needs to send or receive data from another application, such as database. A CGI script is a program that negotiates the movement of data between the web server and an outside application. It typically passes data, filled in by the user in an HTML form, from the web server to a database.